Taylor Yogurt Machine Repair

(chloroplast)

Chloroplasts are the organelles cell in eukaryotic organisms photosynthetic dealing with photosynthesis. Are constrained by a sheath formed by two concentric membranes and contain vesicles, the thylakoids, which are organized pigments and other molecules that convert light energy into energy chemistry, is chlorophyll .
The term is used interchangeably to chloroplasts designate any plastid dedicated to photosynthesis, or specifically to own green plastids of green algae and plants .

Plant cells that are visible in the chloroplasts

Structure:

The two chloroplast membranes have a different structure continuous completely defines the chloroplast. Both are separated by a space sometimes wrongly called intermembrane space periplastidial. The outer membrane is highly permeable due to the presence of porins. But not as much as the inner membrane contains specific transport proteins. The internal cavity called the stroma, which are carried out reactions of CO2 fixation, contains circular DNA, ribosomes (70S type, such as bacterial), granules of starch, lipids and other substances. Also, there are a number of delimited by a membrane sacs called thylakoids which are arranged in the chloroplasts of land plants in stacks called grana (plural of granum, grain).

thylakoid membranes containing substances such as pigments photosynthetic (chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophylls) and other lipids, proteins of the electron transport chain of photosynthesis and enzymes such as ATP synthase.
By observing the structure of the chloroplast and compared with the mitochondria, we note that it has two membrane systems, defining an inner compartment (matrix) and an outer, space perimitocondrial, while the chloroplast has three, forming three compartments, the intermembrane space, stroma and intratilacoidal space.

Functions:

is the organelle where photosynthesis performed . There are two phases, taking place in different compartments:
light phase: It takes place in the membrane of the thylakoid where is the electron transport chain and ATP synthetase responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy (ATP ) and reducing power generation (NADPH ).
dark phase : Occurs in the stroma, which is the enzyme RuBisCO responsible for fixing CO2 by Calvin cycle .