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(IS PCR)

Chain Reaction (PCR for short in English, Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular biology technique, described in 1986 by Kary Mullis, and in which obtained a large number of copies of a particular DNA fragment, from a minimal amount of it. The PCR is based on the usual mechanism of DNA replication in hybridization properties and the presence of DNA synthesis enzymes (polymerases) in thermophilic bacteria that are resistant to these temperatures (70 º - 90 º C). One says that serves to amplify this DNA fragment million times. After the amplification, it is much easier to identify with high probability to a pathogen, an individual or a particular gene, since the presence of the amplified fragment can be tested in a gel (electrophoresis) or on a computer monitor (real-time PCR).