Using the appropriate bit to each material is essential not only to make work easier and with better results, but even that can be done. For example, with a bit of wall or wood, we can never drill metal, but however, we can drill a metal timber but no wall. But in any case, more convenient to always use the correct bit for each material.
Regarding quality, there are many qualities to a certain type of drill bit according to the method of manufacture and the material it is made. The quality of the bit will influence the outcome and accuracy of the drill and the length of it. Therefore it is advisable to always use quality bits, especially in heavy use (wall, for example) or when we need special precision.
The main types of drills for DIY enthusiasts are:
1 .- BITS FOR METAL
serve drilling metal and some other materials such as plastics for example, and even wood, if not requiring special precision. They are made of high speed steel (HSS), although the quality varies depending on the alloy and manufacturing method and quality
There are mainly the following qualities :
- HSS ROLLED. It is the cheapest bits of metal. It is commonly used in metals and plastics where precision is not required. It is not long lasting.
- HSS RECTIFIED. It is a bit more accurate, suitable for all types of semi metals (up to 80 Kg . / mm ²), including iron, aluminum, copper, brass, plastics, etc. It has great length.
- HSS TITANIUM RECTIFIED. Are coated with a titanium alloy which allows drilling all types of metals with high precision, including difficult materials like stainless steel. You can increase the cutting speed and are of extraordinary length. Can be used on large production machines but need refrigeration.
- HSS COBALT RECTIFIED. Bits are the highest quality and are recommended drilling metals of all kinds including very hard (up to 120 Kg . / mm ²) and stainless steels. Have a special heat resistant, so that no coolant can be used at high cutting speeds.
2 .- BITS STANDARD WALL
walls are used for drilling and building materials only. Not valid for metals and timber. They have a plate on the tip of hard metal that is breaking the material. Can be used with percussion.
There are basically two grades :
- LAMINATED WITH TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT (HW). The body is laminated and is suitable for plaster, cement, brick, corrugated iron, sandstone and limestone.
- CARBIDE MILLING INSERT WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE. The body is milled, and besides all the above materials, perforated smooth marble, concrete, slate, granite, and in general all types of stone. Penetrating power and its duration is much higher than the previous.
3 .- BITS LONG WALL
are as above, but much longer. They are used to pass through walls, and walls are often used as percussion hammers and professionals, the quality is usually high. Have a shape that allows for better evacuation of the drilling equipment.
4 .- PURPOSE OR UNIVERSAL DRILL
not be used exclusively for percussion and are worth drilling in wood, metal, plastics and building materials. If the bit is quality, is best for drilling any material force, especially if it is very hard (tile, stone) or fragile (tiles, marble). Drill cutting construction material and not breaking the material as those used conventional percussion drill bits, so it can be used without problems even with cordless drills although not very powerful.
5 .- THREE DRILL BITS FOR WOOD
are the most commonly used for drilling in wood and are usually made of vanadium steel. There are different phyla, but no major differences in performance. At the head is three points, central to perfectly center the drill bit, and the sides are those that are cutting the material, leaving a perfect hole. Used for all types of woods: hard, soft, plywood, chipboard, etc.
6 .- BITS FLAT SPADE WOOD OR
When the diameter of the hole that we practice in the timber is large, we use bits flat, as they allow to introduce in the chuck drill, because the stem does not change in size. Are slightly difficult to use because we must hold fast the perpendicularity of the drill, so it is strongly recommended to use a vertical stand.
7 .- LONG DRILL FOR WOOD
very deep holes in wood using a special drill bits with hardened cutting edges, and with a shape allows a perfect chip evacuation.
8 .- WOOD EXTENDABLE DRILL
is a type of drill bit allows adjustment of the diameter of the drill to be performed within certain limits. Its use is now rather limited.
9 .- STRAWBERRY BITS FOR WOOD JOINTS
are some special bits while making the bore hole where the screw will screw assembly , countersink the surface so that the screw head is perfectly flush with the surface. You can see more clearly his BOARD ASSEMBLY TIPS section.
10 .- BITS COUNTERSINK
serve for the inlay in the wood of countersunk screws. They are used after making the hole for the screw with normal drill. For wood there are manual (with mango). When used with electric drill is highly recommended to use a vertical stand.
11 .- BITS FOR STRAWBERRY CUP HINGES
are used to make the blind hole on the inside of the doors where the hinge will fit bowl. It is essential to use a vertical or a drill press. You can see more clearly this type of hinge in paragraph hinge types of TIPS section.
12 .- BITS GLASS
bits are composed of a rod and a tungsten carbide tipped (TCT) shaped spearhead. Are used for drilling glass, ceramic, tile, porcelain, mirrors, etc. It is strongly recommended the use of vertical or drill and cooling with water, turpentine (paint thinner) or oil.
13 .- CROWNS OR DRILL HOOD
To make large diameter holes are used bits crowns or hood. These bits there are for all types of materials (metal work, wood, glass). Consist of a crown wheel in the center there is usually a fixed conventional drill used to guide the centering hole. The most commonly used in DIY is the next picture, including a variety of diameters in a single crown.
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